社交媒体是恐怖主义助燃剂?外媒:脸书等平台为了钱或已

时间:2019-11-04  点击:
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  Social media companies 'actively' serve up extremist material to users to maximise profits, MPs say

  国会议员表示,社交媒体公司正“积极”向用户推荐具有极端主义的内容,以实现其平台的利润最大化

  素材来源:英国《独立报》 翻译:世界播

  

  Social media companies are “actively” pushing their users to consume extremist content in order to drive up profits, MPs have said.

  国会议员表示,社交媒体公司正“积极”推动用户消费极端主义内容,以提高自己平台的利润。

  Algorithms used by sites like YouTube to suggest new content to users are recommending inflammatory and radical material, a Home Affairs Committee hearing was told.

  在内务事务委员会举行的听证会上,有人表示,YouTube等网站向用户推荐新内容的算法,正在向用户推荐一些具有煽动性和激进性的内容。

  One member accused YouTube, Facebook and Twitter of “not giving a damn” about fuelling radicalisation in the wake of the massacres in Sri Lanka and New Zealand.

  一名成员指责YouTube、脸书和推特在斯里兰卡和新西兰发生屠杀事件后,对其平台上激进主义的助长行为“毫不在乎”。

  Following heated exchanges in Wednesday’s hearing, Yvette Cooper said MPs had been “raising the same issues again and again” over several years.

  在周三的听证会上,伊维特?库珀表示,议员们多年来“一再提出相同的问题”。

  As representatives of YouTube, Facebook and Twitter, outlined action taken against extremist content, MPs provided fresh examples of neo-Nazi, Islamist and far-right posts on their platforms.

  YouTube、脸书和推特的代表们概述了针对极端主义内容采取的行动,但议员们提供了这些社交媒体各自平台上出现的新纳粹主义、伊斯兰极端主义和极右翼帖子的最新例子。

  MPs took particular aim at YouTube over the way its algorithms promote videos and create playlists for viewers that they accused of becoming increasingly extreme.

  议员们特别针对YouTube的算法推广视频和为观众创建播放列表的方式提出了批评,他们指责YouTube的算法越来越偏向推广极端主义内容。

  The site has been repeatedly criticised for showing a variety of inflammatory comment in the recommendations pane next to videos.

  该网站因在播放视频旁的相关视频推荐列表中显示各种具有煽动性内容的视频而多次受到批评。

  MPs said that could easily radicalise young people who begin watching innocent videos.

  议员们表示,这很容易让那些开始观看这类视频的年轻人变得激进。

  YouTube uses an algorithm to find out related and engaging content, so that users will stay on the site by clicking through videos. It has never revealed the details of that algorithm, which allows YouTube to generate profits by showing more advertising the longer its users stay on the site.

  YouTube使用一种算法来找出一些相关的和吸引人的内容,这样用户就可以通过点击这些依靠算法推荐的视频继续使用该平台。该公司从未透露过这一算法的运作细节。该算法帮助YouTube向用户展示更多的广告内容,只要用户停留在该平台上的时间越长,它所能获得的利润就越多。

  MPs described how that chain of related videos would lead to more and more extreme in content, even if the first video had been relatively innocuous.

  国会议员们指出了这样一个事实,那就是,即使相关视频栏里的第一个推荐视频相对无害,但在这个列表的后面会出现越来越多具有极端化内容的推荐视频。

  Marco Pancini, the director of public policy at YouTube, said the logic behind its algorithms “works for 90 per cent of experience of users on the platform”.

  YouTube公共政策主管马可?潘西尼则表示,其算法背后的逻辑“适用于平台上90%的用户体验”。

  But he said the Google-owned firm was “aware of the challenge this represents for breaking news and political speech”, and was working to prioritise authoritative content and reduce the visibility of extremists.

  但同时他也透露称,谷歌旗下的这家公司已经“意识到了这种算法对突发性新闻和政治性演讲带来的挑战”,他们正致力于优先发布权威内容,降低极端主义内容的能见度。

  He pointed to the work it has done to prioritise authoritative sources when people are searching for political speech or breaking news. Some of that has led to controversies of its own, such as when YouTube accidentally linked a video of the Notre Dame fire to video of the 9/11 attacks.

  他还提到了谷歌在人们搜索政治演讲或突发新闻时,会优先选择具有权威性的消息来源。但某些时候该平台的错误算法还是引发了争议,比如此前,YouTube不小心把圣母院大火的视频与9/11袭击的视频联系在一起。

  Labour MP Stephen Doughty said he found links to the websites of “well-known international organisations” and videos calling for the stoning of gay people on YouTube and other platforms.

  工党议员斯蒂芬?道蒂表示,他在YouTube和其他平台上发现了一些“知名国际组织”网站的链接,以及呼吁对同性恋者实施石刑的视频。

  “Your systems are simply not working and, quite frankly, it's a cesspit,” he added. “It feels like your companies really don't give a damn.

  “你们的算法系统根本不起作用,坦白地说,这就是一个污水坑”,他补充道:“感觉你们公司对此根本就不在乎。”

  ”You give a lot of words, you give a lot of rhetoric, you don't actually take action … all three of you are not doing your jobs.”

  “你对此承诺了很多,还说了很多花言巧语,却从未采取任何行动……你们这三个平台都没有做好自己的工作。”

  Representatives of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube said they had increased efforts against all kinds of extremism, using both automated technology and human moderators.

  脸书、推特和YouTube的代表们表示,他们已经加大了打击各种极端主义内容的力度,还使用了自动化技术和人工版主。

  But the Islamist militant group that carried out church and hotel bombings that left more than 300 people dead in Sri Lanka still has a Twitter account, and its YouTube channel was not deleted until two days after one of the world’s deadliest terror attacks.

  但在斯里兰卡制造教堂和酒店爆炸事件、造成300多人死亡的伊斯兰武装激进组织仍拥有一个推特账户,其YouTube频道直到世界上最致命的恐怖袭击事件发生两天后才被删除。

  Ms Cooper pointed to reports that clips of the Christchurch shooter’s Facebook Live video were still circulating and said she had been recommended Tommy Robinson videos on YouTube after a supposed crackdown.

  库珀指出,有报道称,克赖斯特彻奇枪击案凶手在脸书上进行直播的视频片段仍在流传,她还表示,在一场所谓的打击行动之后, YouTube上的某些用户还被推荐了汤米?罗宾逊的相关视频。

  The Labour MP revealed that overnight, she had been alerted to weeks-old posts on a closed Facebook group with 30,000 members that said she and her family should be shot as “criminals”.

  这位工党议员透露,一夜之间,她就收到了脸书上一个有3万名组员的封闭群组几周前发布的帖子的提醒,这些帖子称她和她的家人应该被当作“罪犯”枪毙。

  Ms Cooper accused the social media giants of “providing safe places to hide for individuals and organisations who spread hate”.

  库珀指责这些社交媒体巨头“为散播仇恨的个人和组织提供了安全的藏身之所”。

  The committee previously heard that the far-right extremist who ploughed a van into Muslims in the Finsbury Park terror attack had been radicalised online.

  该委员会此前曾听说,那名在芬斯伯里公园恐怖袭击事件中,驾驶一辆面包车冲向穆斯林的极右翼极端分子就是在网上被激进化的。

  The UK government has proposed the creation of an independent regulator to create a code of practice for tech companies.

  英国政府提议成立一家独立的监管机构,为科技公司制定一套行为准则。

  Neil Potts, Facebook’s public policy director, said it now has 30,000 staff working on safety and security.

  脸书公共政策主管尼尔?波茨表示,该公司目前有3万名员工从事安全和保障工作。

  But when asked whether people spreading the terrorist propaganda had been reported to police, Mr Potts said proactive referrals were only made to law enforcement when there was an “imminent threat”.

  但当被问及如果发现传播和散布恐怖主义思想的人,是否会向警方报告时,波茨表示,只有在“迫在眉睫的威胁”出现时,才会主动向执法部门举报。

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